![]() The slope of the settling plots generated from these data was acquired using OriginLab 8, and the settling rate was obtained in cm min −1. Columns containing 50 g l −1 of acid-washed kaolin were observed to form a clear interface as they settled, which was read every minute for 15 min. The centrifuge tubes were then vortexed and poured into the column array. To have the background solutions reflect that of previous bacteria experiments, 1 ml of 0.01 M phosphate buffer saline (Sigma) was added with a final experimental volume of 10 ml. The appropriate amount of the stock mucilage suspension and Ca 2+ solution were added to the suspension during experimental setup. Columns were prepared using 10-ml Fisherbrand serological pipette tips with the top broken off and the bottom sealed with parafilm ( Buttice et al., 2010).Īcid-washed kaolin clay (Fisher Scientific, K2–500) was suspended in HW 24 h before experimentation in 15-ml centrifuge tubes with final intended concentrations of 50 g l −1. For experiments testing the effects of Ca 2+ addition, CaCl 2 was dissolved in HW, filtered using a 0.22-μm CA membrane tube-top filter (Corning), and then diluted accordingly.Įxperiments were conducted using simple column tests. The HW was stored at room temperature and filtered using 0.20-μm CN membrane bottle-top filters (Fisher Scientific) before experimental use for sterilization purposes. Gases used for oxygen removal and equilibration (N 2, CO 2, and air) were ultrapure quality (Airgas, Inc.). All chemicals used were reagent grade from Fisher Scientific and Arcos. The stock solutions were then mixed accordingly and bubbled with air until equilibrium was reached. During HW preparation, four separate stock solutions were created to avoid precipitation by dissolving salts (MgCl 2♶H 2O, CaCl 2♶H 2O, Ca(NO 3) 2♴H 2O, Na 2SO 4, KHCO 3, K 3PO 4, MgSO 4, and CaO) in DI water. (2002), modeled from sample compositions acquired from Rostherne Mere Lake, England. Surrogate HW was prepared using the method outlined by Smith et al. When not in use, the stock mucilage suspensions were stored at 20 ☌. Before experimentation, the mucilage powder was uniformly suspended in deionized (DI) water, using a Tenbroeck tissue grinder. Mucilage acquired from the extraction was dried in a fume hood at room temperature until the mucilage had completely dried, before being ground and stored on the benchtop in sealed containers. GE was obtained from the wall of the pad using a pectin extraction process and a sequestering agent, as discussed previously ( Turquois et al., 1999 Goycoolea and Cardenas, 2003 Buttice et al., 2010 Fox et al., 2012). NE was obtained from the inside of the pad using simple extraction techniques including centrifugation, filtration, and precipitation. This method was discussed in detail in previous publications ( Goycoolea and Cardenas, 2003 Buttice et al., 2010 Fox, 2011 Fox et al., 2012). ficus-indica pads (originally purchased from Living Stones Nursery, Tucson, AZ, USA) using a method slightly modified from the process published by Goycoolea and Cardenas (2003). ![]() Two fractions of cactus mucilage were obtained from O. Alcantar, in Comprehensive Water Quality and Purification, 2014 1.7.2 Methodology benghalensis Linn significantly increased the phagocytic activity of human neutrophils and hence engulfment and clearance of microorganisms by leukocytes, along with free radical scavenging properties and reduction of oxidative stress, thereby showed immunomodulatory and antioxidant activity ( Bhanwase and Alagawadi, 2016).Ī.L. It also induces the proliferation of lymphocytes and hence the generation of cytokines that activate other immune cells ( Gabhe et al., 2006). The methanolic and water extracts have immunostimulatory properties and enhances the phagocytic potential of PBMCs. benghalensis include glucosides ( Bhattacharjee, 2008), flavonoids ( Mousa et al., 1994), etc. is used extensively in folk medicines as a vermicide, astringent, hypotensive, and antidysentery drug ( Trivedi et al., 1969). ![]() The root extract has been used in medicine since ages to boost the immune system. Bhaskar Saha, in New Look to Phytomedicine, 2019 17.3.9 Ficus benghalensis įicus benghalensis belonging to the family Moraceae is a very large tree, 20–30 m high, with wide-spreading branches bearing aerial roots. ![]()
0 Comments
Leave a Reply. |